Comparative Analysis of the Perception of the Training Process by Coaches and Female Athletes in 3×3 Basketball

Abstract

The purpose of the present study was to identify and analyze differences in the perception of the training process between coaches and female athletes engaged in 3×3 basketball. The study involved 30 respondents, including 20 female athletes aged 18-23 and 10 coaches with experience in training teams in this game format. To collect empirical data, an author-designed questionnaire was used, consisting of 28 statements grouped into 7 thematic blocks: understanding of training goals, perception of training load, feedback, autonomy and decision-making, team interaction, psycho-emotional state, and the reflection of the specificity of 3×3 basketball in training. The results of the study revealed the presence of consistent differences in the evaluation of the training process between the two groups. Across all analyzed blocks, coaches demonstrated higher ratings compared to female athletes, with differences ranging from 0.66 to 1.10 points. The most significant discrepancies were identified in the areas of feedback and psycho-emotional state, indicating a mismatch between the organization of the training process and its perception by the athletes. In other blocks, the differences were less pronounced but systematic in nature. The smallest discrepancy was observed in the evaluation of team interaction. The obtained data indicate that the perception of the training process depends on the participant’s role and may influence its effectiveness. The results of the study emphasize the need to take into account female athletes’ subjective perceptions when designing and adjusting training programs, especially under the conditions of the high-intensity and dynamic nature of 3×3 basketball.